What it is
Ransomware is malicious software engineered to encrypt files, lock devices, or disrupt applications until a victim pays—typically in cryptocurrency. Campaigns often start with phishing, stolen credentials, exposed Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) services, or unpatched vulnerabilities. Once inside, operators move laterally, escalate privileges, and target backups to maximize leverage. Modern groups run double-extortion playbooks, exfiltrating sensitive data before encrypting systems so they can threaten publication even if IT teams restore from snapshots.
Why it matters
Successful ransomware can halt operations within minutes, delaying customer services, corrupting data, and triggering contract penalties. Paying is no guarantee that attackers will provide a working key or keep stolen information private, yet downtime and reputational harm pressure organizations to negotiate. Regulators and cyber insurers now scrutinize controls such as Multi-Factor Authentication, patch cadence, and exposure of remote services when assessing liability and coverage.
How to reduce risk
- Disable or restrict exposed remote services like RDP and continuously monitor the attack surface for new entry points.
- Require MFA on admin, VPN, and privileged user access to blunt credential theft.
- Keep operating systems, SaaS connectors, and third-party software patched so known vulnerabilities cannot be chained.
- Maintain offline, immutable backups and test restoration procedures frequently to ensure clean recovery paths.
- Deploy endpoint protection, email filtering, and network segmentation to block payloads and contain lateral movement.
- Establish an incident response plan that coordinates legal counsel, communications, and law enforcement engagement before a crisis.