Short definition: Continuous tracking and analysis of system, application, or network access logs to detect suspicious behavior.
1 min read
What it is
Access log monitoring refers to the continuous review of logs generated by systems, applications, servers, and security tools. These logs capture who accessed what, from where, and when. Common sources include web server logs, VPN logs, firewall logs, authentication logs, RDP logs, and API gateway logs.
Modern environments produce large volumes of machine data, so monitoring often involves automated log aggregation tools or SIEM platforms that surface anomalies such as repeated failed logins, unusual IP locations, sudden permission changes, or unexpected port access. Effective monitoring requires both real-time detection and long-term retention for investigations.
Why it matters
Unauthorized access often appears in logs long before a breach becomes visible. Attackers typically test credentials, probe services, or escalate privileges gradually, leaving patterns in log data. Without monitoring, these early indicators go unnoticed.
Compliance frameworks (GDPR, ISO 27001, SOC 2) also require logging and monitoring as foundational security controls.
How to reduce risk
- Centralize logs using SIEM or cloud-native log aggregation
- Enable logging across servers, firewalls, authentication systems, and cloud platforms
- Set alerts for failed logins, unusual IP activity, privilege escalation
- Retain logs according to compliance requirements (90-365 days)
- Review access logs during incidents
- Restrict log deletion permissions
Related Terms
- Threat Intelligence
- User Behavior Analytics (UBA)
- RDP (Port 3389)